Water Pollution Statistics 2012

Indian Water Pollution Statistics 2012  According to the abstracts aggregate by the Apple Baptize Assessment Program (WWAP), 2 actor bags of animal decay is disposed in baptize bodies every distinct day. The developing countries accept a above allotment in baptize pollution, as 70 percent of the automated decay which is dumped basic in the baptize bodies comes from these developing countries of the world. The botheration of groundwater abuse is additionally absolutely arresting in the United States, and agronomics is advised to be the basal agency for this. A abstraction agitated out in the 49 states of the US appear that nitrate was the arch contaminant of groundwater in this region. 

Prevent Water Pollution effect and Ways

Prevent Water Pollution effect and Ways  Although assertive accustomed processes may account some bulk of baptize pollution, anthropogenic furnishings account baptize corruption the most. We charge to use baptize everyday, both in our industries as able-bodied as our homes. We get this baptize from groundwater sources, rivers, and lakes. Best of the baptize we use - and corruption - finds its way aback to one or added of these baptize bodies.

The acclimated baptize from agronomical and automated practices, and domiciliary use, all comes calm to accomplish carrion or wastewater. If carrion accustomed to breeze aback into baptize systems after actuality treated, it causes pollution. The attenuated baptize bodies abuse all life, humans, beastly and plants. Baptize additionally gets attenuated due to apparent runoff from industries, agronomical acreage and burghal areas, which breeze anon through storm-water drains into baptize systems after any treatment. The auctioning of carrion is a above botheration in developing countries area there isn't able sanitation in ample areas, appropriately accustomed ache causing bacilli and bacilli into sources of water. However, developed countries too accord to baptize pollution; bodies generally even biologic and actinic articles bottomward their toilet, abacus to the actinic amount of wastewater and sewage.

Effects of Water Pollution on Environment

Indian and American Effects of Water Pollution on Environment and Human body with Animal life Water occupies one-third of the earth's surface. They abide in the anatomy of seas and oceans, icecaps, snow, baptize vapor, etc. 

Underground water, pond baptize and basin baptize are potable. But why is baptize so necessary? Imagine for some reason, your ancestors gets alone one brazier of baptize accustomed for a week. Would you be able to administer with the bound bulk of water? Do all bacilli crave water? The afterward branch will aloof acquaint you how admired is baptize for adaptation of all active things on earth.

The affection of baptize activated and captivated is an important agency that determines the abundance of the active things in the world. The attenuated baptize is the account for abounding waterborne diseases, which affects bodies and consumes their lives. These attenuated baptize bodies not alone apple-pie out the population, but additionally leave abaft abominable bloom problems that cannot be treated. So, it is important to apperceive the accent of apple-pie baptize and additionally the bad furnishings of attenuated water.

Indian Industrial Water Pollution effect on Human Body

Indian Industrial Water Pollution effect on Human Body and Animal Water abuse is acquired by discharge of calm or burghal sewage, agronomical waste, pollutants and automated effluents into baptize bodies. Nowadays, one of the basic sources of baptize abuse is the decay actual absolved by automated units, accepted as automated baptize pollution. Decay abstracts like acids, alkalies, baneful metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides and alike radioactive abstracts are caked into the baptize bodies by abounding automated units. Some added important pollutants accommodate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, lubricants and hot baptize absolved by ability plants. The pollutants unloaded into the baptize bodies usually deliquesce or abide abeyant in water. Sometimes, they additionally accrue on the basal of the baptize bodies.

Another important pollutant, that can endanger abyssal life, is the oil agitated by oil tanks. As per the estimates of the United Nations, 1.3 actor barrels of oils are agitated annually into the Persian Gulf, and about 285 actor gallons are agitated into the oceans every year. 

Ocean Pollution Real Facts

Large argosy accustomed awkward oil are amenable for Ocean Pollution abuse to a abundant extent. Oil spills are above contributors in this context, followed carefully by adventitious ore degradation by argosy alteration ore. Oil spills are categorized into above spills (over 700 bags ), medium-sized spills (7 - 700 tons) and baby spills (less than 7 tons). In 2010, the oceans witnessed 1 above oil discharge and 7 medium-sized oil spills. On an average, back 2011, the oil discharge calculation has appear bottom ward to 3.4 oil discharge incidents per year, but alike one above oil discharge is chancy for the abyssal life.

Only about 20 percent of ocean Ocean Pollution abuse is acquired by ocean based activities. Alike from this 20 percent, the above addition comes from cruise ships. Statistics acknowledge that an boilerplate sized cruise address produces about a actor gallons of decay baptize in a week. The incidents of oil spills are bottom compared to incidents of debris auctioning by cruises, and appropriately cruises are admired as the best communicable factors, but one above oil discharge can advance to bags of oil actuality dumped in the baptize anatomy accession to abundant added abuse than what a distinct cruise address can possibly do.

Ocean pollution effects on sea animals

Ocean pollution effects on sea animals Ocean pollution effects on sea animals about 45 percent of ocean baptize abuse is acquired by abyssal transportation, while 32 percent is acquired by loading, discharging, and bloom of oil tankers. On the added hand, the ocean abuse acquired by accustomed seeps, which is the above accustomed pollutant, accounts to alone 8 percent of absolute ocean pollution. Oil spills, which are estimated to be abutting to about 100,000 metric bags annually, are above pollutants of ocean water.Ocean animals abuse is chancy for abyssal life. Oil agitated in oceans is adverse for all forms of abyssal activity including apricot reefs, fish, and abyssal plants. Apricot reefs are in actuality the affliction afflicted as boundless ocean abuse and all-around abating abuse to clean them off the planet aural a few added years. Ocean animals abuse leads to burning of oxygen attenuated in water, which in about-face makes it difficult for assorted sea animals to breathe underwater. Bodies are not larboard out the chancy furnishings of ocean animals abuse as abyssal activity is a above antecedent of aliment for humans.

Many several causes of ocean sea animals pollution, and anniversary account in about-face has several adverse furnishings on assorted activity forms. Activity forms afflicted by ocean abuse accommodate bodies as well, but again it's the bodies who accept a ascendant role in abuse of water, air, and land. Discussed beneath are some of the arresting ocean abuse causes, and their furnishings on marine activity forms and humans.

Gaseous pollutants effect on human and Gaseous pollutants source

Carbon monetize (CO) : Carbon monoxide liss a colorless,odourless gas that is produced by the Incomplete burning of carbon based fuels Including petrol, diesel, and wood. It is also produced from the combustion of natural and synthetic products such as cigarettes. It lowers the amount of oxygen that enters our blood. The carbon monoxide 96.5% as heavy as air and is not soluble In water. Carbon monoxide shows the human reflexes and make us confused and sleepy. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) : The carbon dioxide is the principal green house gas emit as a result of human activities such as the burning of coal, oil and natural gas Sulphur dioxide (SO2) : It is a colorless gas with a pungent odour This gas produced from burning of coal, mainly in thermal power plant. Some Industrial processes, such as production of paper and melting of metals, produce suphurdioide It is a major contributor to smog and acid rain. sulphurdioxide leads to lung diseases.

Noise pollution on human health and Sources of Noise or Sound pollution

Sound pollution and pollution due to radioactivity sources. It's consequences including human diseases Sound Pollution Noise pollution is defined as the state of discomfort and restlessness caused to human by unwanted high intensity sound known as noise. ''High pressure sound or high intensity sound termed as 'unwanted sounds is called as noise It causes discomfort to human beings and interfere with their efficiency. Sound levels are measured in decibels (dB). It is a unit for expressing the relative intensity of  sound on a scale from 0-130 dB. In a modern society sound often,annoys. Many sounds are unpleasant or unwanted and this is
classed as noise.

Noise Levels Below Mention with (db) 

Sound Sources Decibels(dB)

• Thershold Hearing 0
• Normal Breathing 10
• Sound of very quite place 20
• Whisperig 30
• Sounf of Room and office 40
• Restaurant or Night traffice noise 50
• Normal Conversation 60
• Automobile 80
• Water fail at base 90
• Air traffic up to 300 m hight 100-110

How to solve Waste Disposal Problem in India

From the Pune Muncipal area daily 1000-2000 MT( metric tonne) solid wake generated. This waste ls not segregated. The one municipal authorities allocates 65 ha. Area for disposal of waste near to Urali-Devachi village. The disposal site have facing various environmental problems due to improper disposal strategies i.e air,water and noise pollution. The disposal area is not used further disposal of this waste. Pune municipal authorities search for new disposal site. Increasing growth of population in the last few decades, there has been a shift in the population from rural area to urban area in the country and abroad. The increasing urbanization leads to social and environmental problems. Problem of urbanization discussed below. Composition of Solid Waste ln Urban Areas

 Item and percentage

1.  Paper, wood, cardboard 53%
2.  Garbage and garden waste 22%
3.  Glass, crocked ceramics 10%
4. Metals 8%
5. Plastic, rubber, distended textiles and abandoned vehicles 7%

Sources of urban Waste

•  Population size of urban area is high. Each Indian generates 0.4 Kg. solid waste per day. solid waste increases with increasing population.
• Affluent solely (means society per capita income is high) more demands for fashionable items and goods, which is also cause of solid waste.
• Industrial wastes (paper), waste from research institutes (biological waste), hospital waste (bio-medical waste, surgery skin) are the sources of urban waste.
• Demolition and construction waste from residential area,commercial and industrial building.
• The garbage from markets Includes vegetable waste, fruits 'and waste food from restaurants, hotels and commercial buildings solid 

Indian Urbanization : Urbanization is a movement of population from  rural to urban area and the resulting increasing proportion of population that resides in urban rather than rural place according to Anderson (1953 : 11) urbanization is a two way process.  It involves not only movement from  village to city but changes from agricultural occupation to business, trade, services and profession, but it involves change in migrants."industrialization and urbanization begin at a time. The problems like crime, alcoholism, drug, abuse, over crowding and pollution begin with early urbanization. However, the definition of 'city' or 'urban area' is differ in countries. Example : In Japan only 3,000 population is required for the place to be recognized as urban. It is 20,000 in Netherlands. In India, the urban population is in 1971 is 109.11 million, in the year 1981 it was 160.1 million, and in 1991 it was 217.18 million. It became 291 million by March 2001. According to UN projection 45.2% people in india (630 million) will be living in urban area, by the year 2025. 

City Pollution Effect on Animals

Water Pollution Effect on Animals is a change in the properties of Water due to contamination by microbes, hazardous substances and other foreign particles. More type of water pollution. Water sources of Water Pollution Effect on Animals are either natural or man-made. Natural sources are less harmful compared to hazardous chemicals generated by on animal activities. Other all chemical present on the surface can travel underground and cause Water Pollution. Water in chemical depends on the chemical type, soil porosity and hydrology. 

Indian soils types and soils pollution effect

Soil is made up of crumbled rocks. Three natural forces-wind, flowing water and emperature-weaken the rocks and break them into pieces that are like small stones.These pieces are called the parent material because soil is formed from this material. In India, a wide range of soils is found. On the basis of the natural environmental processes that produce them, these can be broadly divided into two groups, in situ soils and transported soils (formed by the transport of eroded material. The in situ soils get their distinguishing features from the parent rock.

Singapore population 2012

How to control Singapore population 2012 Singapore will grant more foreign born children citizenship, hoping to boost a rapidly ageing population.Babies born abroad to Singapore women married to foreigners will have the right to citizenship.Singapore's birth rate is below the 2.1 children per woman needed to replenish its stock. Baby making has become a priority in Singapore, where women gave birth to 1 26 babies, on average, in 2003 the lowest In the nation's history. The proportion of childless couples has tripled since 1980 to 6%. This is the most dramatic step since the baby shortage debate in 2004. 

Population in polish cities

The Polish Government is preparing a programme to prevent the decline. Today if the assumptions do not change and married couples and the population In Poland are going to carry on until 2030 as has been assumed, the population is going to decline by 2.5 million. The situation will unfavorably affect the country's development. It will cause a degeneration in the ratio of those in employment and those living from old-age and disability pensions. 

New 2012 Family Planning in China and India

The Ratio of baby girls if baby boys in China bas dropped further below the international stander ed the result, critics say, of its controversial "One-child policy" which in some cases has led to selective abortion, infanticide and the abandonment of baby girls In the 1980s, China launched a program aimed at slowing its ever increasing population growths by discouraging parents from having more than one child, using both incentives and penalties to enforce the policy. 

How to control Abortion in India

How to control Abortion in India with only one pregnancy in three carried to term because of the prevalence of abortions, India birth rate has fallen to critical levels, women of child being age are having an average of 1 3 children each lower than the normal level of 2 3 and closer to the critical floor of 1 1. In the 1990s, India population has decreased by close to 2% with 2.8 million fewer people, according to official figures. Deaths far outpace bas by a ratio of 14 7 in 1,000 compared to 8 4 any 1.2 million children are born each year in Russia well below the 2 million needed to keep the population at existing levels.   

How To Control population growth in USA

As the world population continues to grow geometrically great pressure is being placed on arable and, water, energy and biological resources to provide an adequate supply of food whale maintaining the Integrity of our ecosystem. According to the World Bank and the UN. from 1-2 balloon humans are now malnourished, indicating a combination of Insufficient food, low incomes and Inadequate distribution of food. This  is the largest number of hungry humans ever recorded In history. In China about 80 million are now malnourished and hungry. Based on current rates of increase. the world population is projected to double from roughly 6 balloon to more than 12 billion in less than 50 years As the world population expands, the food problem will become screamingly severe, conceivably with the numbers of malnourished reaching 3 billion.

Human population control in India

Based on their evaluations of available natural resources, scientists of the Royal society and the US national Academy of sciences have Issued amount statement reinforcing the concern about the growing imbalance between the world's population and the resources that support human lives. Reports from the FAO of the UN, numerous other international organizations, and scientific research also confirm the existence of this serious food problem For example, the per capita availability of world grams, which make up 80% of the world's food, has been declining for the past 15 years. With a quarter million people being added to the world population each day, the need for grams and all other food will reach unprecedented levels Water is critical for all crops which require and transpire massive amounts of water during the growing season For example, a hectare of corn will require more than 5 million liters of water during one growing season This means that more the 8 million liters of water per hectares must reach the crop. In total, agricultural production consumes more fresh water than any other human activity Specifically, about 87% of the world's fresh water is consumed or used up by agriculture and, thus, is not recoverable Competition for water resources among Individuals, regions, and counties and associated human activities is already occurring with the current world population About 40% of the world's people live in regions that directly compete for shared water resources In China where more than 300 cities already are short of water, these shortages are intensifying Worldwide, water shortages are reflected in the per capital decline in legation used for food production in all regions of the world during the past 20 years. Water resources, critical for legation, are under great stress as populous cities, states, and counties require and withdraw more water from overs, lakes, and aquifers every year A major threat to maintaining future water supplies is the continuing over-draft of surface and ground water resources.

How to control population in india

Scientists worry that rapid population growth will over nests the earth's natural resources and crowd out undomesticated plant and animal species. All people want to be fed, clothed, housed, and have access to clean water. To meet these requirements, water, land, forests, and other natural resources must be exploited to some degree. As population increases, more resources are needed to meet basic requirements. More forest must be cut down to provide wood for housing and fuel. More cleared land is needed for agriculture and development. All of these resources are finite. More than 99% of the world's food supply comes from the land, while less than 1% is from oceans and other aquatic habitats. The continued production of an adequate food supply is directly dependent on ample fertile land, fresh water, energy, plus the maintenance of biodiversity. As the human population grows, the requirements for these resources also grow. Even if these resources are never depleted, on a per capital basis they will decline significantly because they must be divided among more people.

Simple ways to control population growth

At the same time as people consume these resources, they produce waste that is put back into the air,land and water. The greater amount of waste from larger populations puts more stress on ecosystems. Even if markets function with perfect efficiency, and the best technology is always used, it will take more resources to support a larger population than a smaller one, and the environmental costs of doing so will probably be higher as well. It is true that the highest population growth rates are found in developing countries. However, because affluent countries consume more resources, they remain the primary contractors to certain global like global warming. The G7 nations, the US, Canada, Britain, France, Germany,environmental problems like global Japan, and italy represent only 10% of global population but consume over 40% of the earth's fossil fuels as well as most of the world's commodities and forest products. Because consumption rates are so high in these counties, even small increases in population can have a significant impact. The US, in particular, continues to have a higher rate of population growth than most of the other industrial countries.increasing the nation's environmental impact.

Best wastewater Treatment ideas 2012

Best wastewater Treatment ideas 2012  Filtration Types The most common type of filtration in water treatment is ''normal/dead end''filtration where all In fluent passes through a filter medium that removes contaminants to produce higher quality water Rough screens, sand filters multimedia filters and cartridge filters are examples of filtration products that operate this way to remove 0.1 micron particles or larger. Once the medium becomes The method of obtaining clean filtration medium is based on economic and disposal concerns minimizing contammant buildup leaving it free to reject incoming material and to allow free flow of purified water. 

Although membrane cleaning is melodically required, the self-clean mg nature of crossflow filtration lengthens membrane life enough to make it economically attractive.

Examples of ecological succession

Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over a peperiod  of time. In the process of succession, the species present in an area will gradually change. Succession takes place because of the changes in the environmental conditions in a particular place over a period of time Each species is adapted to thrive and compete best against other species under a very specific set of environmental conditions If these conditions change, then the existing species will be replaced by a new set of species which are better adapted to the new condemns.

Ecological succession may also occur when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change. A forest fare. Wind storm and human activities like agriculture all greatly alter the conditions of an Environment.  dominance among the species still present Observed changes in the structure and function of communities in the intermediate stages of ecological succession generally result from natural selection of individuals within their current environment. Three mechanisms by which species may replace each other have been proposed the relative Importance of each depends on the nature of the community and stage of development The following are the three proposed hypothesis pertaining to the mechanism of replacement.

Global warming Effect on Human Society

Effects of Global warming Effects on Human Society: The Global Warming produces the intense heat during summer. 

This excess heat is fatal for human beings. In Western Europe the record breaking heat wave combined with drought is responsible for death of 14800 people in France,4200 in Italy, 1400 in Netherlands, 1300 in Portugal, 900 in U. K. 100 in Spain during July-August 2003.The Global warming melts the polar ice caps. The big cities near to ocean shore may be engulfed by oceans. The lakes streams and aquifers could shrinks or dry up due to temperature increase and cause the severe water scarcity in urban centers.

How to build a small greenhouse and Small greenhouse Plan

Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate and heats the earth surface while after some amount of energy radiates back into space. The atmospheric gases like water vapour carbon dioxide etc. trap some outgoing heat, this works as like glass panels of a green house. That's why this atmospheric phenomena known for Greenhouse Effects and the heat absorption gases called as Greenhouse gases.

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentration doubled while nitro us oxide concentration risen about 11 trio tones of organic carbon have been 15%. Nearly 1.5 x 10 me mined and consumed in the form of coal, oil and natural gas. The carbon-dioxide is a largest single waste proud of modem society.

The four tones of carbon dioxide is released each year by average Person Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses and power factories responsible for about 98% of U. S. carbon-dioxide emissions, 24,% methane emissions and 18% nitrous oxide emissions In 1997 the United States emits about one-fifth of total global green house gases.

The Green House effect : 

Sources of Water Pollution

Main Sources of Water Pollution 
Water is one of the most important environmental resource essential for the survival of life and the important element in the Bio shpere It helps in circulation, movement and cycling of nutrients which is found in various phases and storage such as
I) Liquid phase - Ocean, Seas,   Lakes and Rivers.
II) Solid phase - Glaciers , Icecaps, Icesheets
It is Pointed out that only one percent of the total amount of water is  available from various sources to biotech life including man.

Ground water is the largest source as improvises the largest amount of water which is being used at every walk of life water. Water has multi uses i.e drinking water, water for industries, irrigation, power generation, navigation and even disposal of sewage 'Rivers are our life lines' this statement itself suggest its importance.River vallie: are the cradles of the old civilization where it grows It is only because of availability of water. In India 80% of its population lies in 15 river vallies Use of water in  percentage is given below for Indian contest Still most of the urban centers and rural areas are facing drinking  water problem. even after 50 years of  Independence lndians are not fortunate to obtain pure and safe drinking water. Water
problem is one of the most important crises on global as well as national level. More than 60% of Indians do not have clean safe and pure water to drink. 
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How To Control Child Labour in India

Total Villages in India (5.86,000) 72 crone population from rural sector only depend upon ) part of national GNP (Gross National productivity) All this population working In Agro and Agro based Industries. India's 26 crone population living below poverty line25% population of below poverty line having no cultivable land. Unemployment In India is basically structural and its proportion is going on increasing Ministry of Rural Development plans to give employment for one unemployed In a family from the year 2005-06. The scheme is introduced in 200 districts of India where unemployment is high. This optimistic programme reduces 50% population of below poverty line.

How To Control Child Labour ( How To Control Child Labour in India )
Child Labour and Child Marriages : The traditional outlook of poor families especially the people of below poverty line using the services of young children for only earning Instead of sending them to school. Much of the child labour is exposed to hazardous work for long hours The Indian Constitution bringing the Child  Labour Act in 1986 for prevention of child Labour According to Article 24, no child below the age of 14 year shall be employed to work In any industry or in any hazardous employment.
The Mumbai has the largest number of child Labour In capital Delhl 60,000 children are working in ''Dhabas', tea-stalls and restaurants on daily wages of Its. 8 or Rs. 10. The majority of the working children are engaged in rural area also 60% of them are below the age of 10 years. The glass Industry of Firozabad In Uttar Pradesh, of the total workers of Industry (2,00,000) 50,000 workers are children According to Artical 39   of Indian constitution childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. Daily 236 new employees shafted to lumbar, majority of them are working as Labour Millions of the children from the poor families in the developing and underdeveloped countries Example : Asian countries, South Africa etc have to john the Labour force for economy. According to ILO Survey In 1995 South Africa with 26.3% and Asia with 13% of child labour In age group of 10 to 14. India's child Labour contribution is 15% (Hindustan Times June 23, 1996) Child Labour is overcome as a key social problem In metropolitan cities of India Extreme conditions of poverty unemployment.
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How To Control Child Labour in Mumbai
How To Control Child Labour in Maharashtra

Disadvantages of Nuclear Power

1. India developed the capability and technology to harness energy from radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium.Production of radioactive elements and management of nuclear waste arised from nuclear power stations are the major problem associated with our nuclear power program.
2. The radioactive debris and dust get mixed into the atmosphere due to accidents In the nuclear power plant E g Chernobyl nuclear accident on April 25, 1986. Such type of accidents highly threatens the plant and animal life.
3. Leakage of Radioactive substance from nuclear power plantcreates carcinogenic and mutagenic impact on human health.
4. Skilled operators and careful plant supervision at 24 hours required to avoid its bad Impact on human health and environment.
5. No nuclear power plant having hundred percent leakage proof.
6. International restrictions on import and export of nude fuels.

Advantages of Nuclear Power

1. The radioactive elements like uranium 235, thorium having highest potential of power generation than any other sources with minor environmental impact.
 2. After burning of 1 carbon atom 4 ev energy is generated, whale uranium 235 atom generates 200 million eV. In comparison with
carbon it ls more than 5 cror tames greater. Again two to three atom uranium generated from chain reaction which generate again useful energy.
3. In the world, of the total power generation 16% power generated by 440 nuclear reactor. ne France harness 78% power from atomic energy.
4. Careful operation is required when nuclear reactor in process. 

Industrial Problem on Rural Areas

• Industrial Problem on Rural Areas
• Industrial Problem on Rural Areas company

 Industrial Problem in Rural Area : Abundant and clean availability or natural resources turns industrial moment in rural area. From last few decades the cold drink manufacturing industry established their plant in rural area. In this context village "Placmada" in Kerala fights movement against coca-cola factory. Water is principle factor of these produce. For that they pumping ground water at alarming rate. The ground water level in this village reaches to 700 to 800 feet. Water shortage within campus of village largely affected agricultural areas even drinking water scarcity. Honorable Supreme Court put restrictions on-the utilization of ground water. Providing  solar cookers to 30 million families, 3 million biogas plants, 5 million solar lamps, 2 million solar street-lamps, 1 billion solar water heaters along with targeted to electrify 18,000 villages with solar energy. 

Urban Pollution Main source

Urban Problems : Degraded my quality water pollution, unavailability of land,solid waste etc. affect the living standards of urban people. The enlisted urban problems are as follows.

 Unsafe drinking water and water scarcity : Water is life, water is death. Human body contains 70% water. A human being survive without food but water deprivation (shortage) can kill a person withe few hours. Water sustains life, it can also become a cause of death if contaminated. Unsafe drinking water and inadequate sanitation facilities causes 80% of all diseases in the developed and developing countries, where as much as 90% of waste water is discharged into environment without any treatment It has been estimated that 50 to 100 Lak people died every year from diseases caused by poor and contaminated water. Of the total world population, 18% population consumes unsafe drinking water. According to WHO (World Health Organization) report the fresh water requirement is 135 liters per capita but slum dwellers having Inadequate supply of water i e 15 to 20 liters.

Inadequate Sanitation Facilities : majority of people in slum having a problem of housing. The basic facilities e.g sanitation,housing, health etc. required for decent living affected by poor economic condition. The second world water conference held In "Heg" targeted to reduce 50% world population who lacks safe drinking water and total sanitation facilities by the year 2015. For that the developed and developing countries generate fund of 200 billion dollars from world wide.

Real Impact of population growth

1. Modem technologies exploit the natural resources at alarming rate and deteriorates the environmental quality.

2. Industrialized agriculture more demands for energy sources for equipments. It has been estimated that words 8% energy sources i.e oil used in Agri-sector 
3. Energy availability is a backbone of economic development For achieving economic stability developed countries consume highest non-renewable resources.
4. Overpopulation carried more stress on agriculture for food production which is basic need of human. expanded agro-area reduced forest cover and disturb ecological balance high lost important flora and fauna.
5. The rate of natural calamities is incensed with increasing population. Example : Flood Drought.
A. Rapid industrialization more demands for resources. Natural resources utilized by greedy way creates more damage to environment. E.g. Global arming add rain, green house effect
7. Heavy utilized pesticides in the Agri-sector enters into food chain through biological magnification. Over irrigation of land creates problem like soil salinity water logging and  alkalinity of soil.
8. Over population leads to social problems in urban area are poverty unemployment, child labour stress on civic amenities such as electricity waler and solid waste.Impact of human activities on Environment The process of industrialization and urbanization begins at a time. This flow borrowed from western countries After independence the policy makers have deeded poplar development of metro polit an dales as a result much of industrial areas concentrated in the urban areas. Example : lumbar, Kolkata, chennai Delhi. These industrialized sectors generate much employment, attracted employees from rural sector to urban area. It has been estimated that 236 new employees per day admitted to Mumbai for employment As a result of urbanization creates serious social and environmental problems such as total sanitation drinking water,slum dwelling population growth health problem,solid waste,illiteracy unskilled and unemployed population.
The UNESCO, UNO World Bank and ministry of Environment suggest remedies of arising problem. They planned to development of industries in rural areas. but the research report based on problem of industrialization in Rural Areas'' states that rural area also facing problems of air, water, sound pollution and health calamities Human induced activities creates impact over local environment of the metropolitan city such as coastal water pollution,destruction of mangroves forest in estuaries, construction within
flood prone zone. Example : Mitti raver in Mumbai.

Thermal pollution and Effects of Thermal pollution

Number of industrial processes may utilize water for cooling From cooling process, resultant warm water has been discharged into water bodies.Generators which run on fuel like coal or oil and automatic energy plants causes waste heat on large scale which is carried away as hot water that causes thermal pollution.

Thermal pollution can be defined as Presence of large amount of waste heat in the receivig water which cause: harmful effects in natural environment's Most often the term thermal pollution is used for detrimental effect of heated discharges. It do not involve the impairment of purity neither heat is pollutant. Raising or lowering of temperature leads the impairment of environmental air or water quality. Abut 80% of total water with drawn for industrial orations is used for cooling only. The industrial plants that contribute the thermal loading of surface water with prime concern are : 1) Thermal plants ii) Nuclear plants. Steam electric power plants alone with its discharge in water increases 6* to 100 temperature of receiving water. Some times negative thermal loading also takes place during hydel power generation. About 18 percent more heat is required to cooling water nuclear power plants than fossil fuelplants.


Municipal sewage, steel plants. cement factories are also the constrictors of thermal pollution, sewage without treatment discharges into canal or steams. Domestic sewage normally has higher temperature than the receiving water which raises stream temperature to a measurable extent. Increase intemperately of receiving water decreases the dissolved oxygen level of the same hence anaerobic conditions please foul gases. The aquatic organisms which depend on the dogtrot the water will die Heated industrial effluents when discharged into river, lake. ponds or sink also have similar effects and chats instability to aquatic ecosystem.


Effects of Thermal pollution :
Life process involves many reactions, which varies accordingly temperature changes. It also influences on physiology,digestion, Rate of respiration and reproduction is condoned by
temperature.
1) Aquatic animals are affected on large scale by thermal Pollution Particularlyfish population and fish species due to Potential  hazards
2) Surface watery are the habitat for wider variety of flora and fauna of which. existence and survival depend on aquatic environment.
3) Concentration of dissolved oxygen depend on temperature of surface water. Increase in surface water temperature decreases dissolved oxygen. eg. DO.
4) The rate of biochemical reaction and PH is determined by temperature of water.
5) sharp and sudden changes in surface water temperature have destructive effects on aquatic ecosystem. D.O. Concentration at 0.C is 14.6 ppm which at 35% is 7.1 ppm.
6) Increase in temperature leads metabolic and respiration inference in biotic. Sometimes death due to failure of nervous system take place.
7) Reproductive mechanism gets affected and duranal seasonal behaviour of organisms gets changed. 
8) Higher the temperature of surface water.

Air Pollution effect on Human Body

Air Pollution effect on Human Body Consequences of air pollution Including human diseases The air pollutants seriously and adversely affect the human health. Some of the health Impacts of air pollutants are as follows :
Air Pollution and Human Diseases : Tobacco smoke generates a wide range of harmful air pollutants. The affects of tobacco smoking also seen on passive smoker. These are burning sensation in the eyes or nose, throat irritation, cancer, bronchitis, severe asthma and decease lung function.

Biological Pollutants : These are mostly allergens that can cause asthma hay fever and  other allergic diseases. Volatile Organic compounds : Volatile compounds can cause irritation of the eye, nose and throat. If concentration inbred- the health effects like headache, nausea, and loss of co-ordination.

Main Sources of soil pollution

Main Sources of soil pollution : pollution of soil caused by the various sources below mentioned Main Sources of soil pollution Read the carefully.

1. Physical Sources : The physical sources related with soil erosion and soil degradation. The natural factors of soil erosion includes high rainfall, changing temperature, wind, topography factor, lithographic factor, vegetation and soil characteristics. These favors accelerated by human activities
2. Biological Sources : The micro-organisms and unwanted plants degraded the quality and fertility of soil. The soil pollutant biological agent are pathogenic micro-organisms excreted by human beings and animals, enteric bacteria and protozoa. These micro-organisms enter the food chain and thus affect human bodies.
3. Air-borne Sources :  The pollutants released in atmosphere by human activities affect on soil system. Fallout the atmospheric pollutants deposited tonics in soil. Sulphur emitted from factories causes acid rain which lower the PH of the soil. Sulphur dioxide (SOp emitted from the factories in UK and Germany has been responsible for widespread acid rain in the foray; Sweden, Finland. Huge quantity of particulate matters emitted from cement factories lime kilns coal mining, loading and unloading of coal,thermal power plants reach the soil and pollute soil by altering physical and chemical property.
4. Deposition of Solid Waste : Soil pollution involves the deposition of soled waste i e. cans, bottles, plastic containers in soil These components cannot break easily, when these materi accumulated in soil and it interfere organic life.
5. Chemical fertilizes and Pesticides : Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to boost agricultural profusion causes alteration in the physical and chemical properties of soils. The chemical pesticides,insecticides, herbicides destroy microorganisms including useful bacteria and thus lower down the quality of soil significantly. The world consumption of pesticides, Insecticides, herbicides has substantially Increased from 25,030 billion tonnes in 1965-66 to 100,000 billion tonnes during 1980 which shows four-fold increase within a period of 15 years.

Air Pollution Water and Soil Pollution Sources

Air Pollution Water and Soil Pollution Sources and Consequences including Human Diseases Air Pollution Sources.
 Air pollution : AirPollution is defined as Presece of any materials in the air in such a concentration which is harmful to man and environmental Air pollutants can include almost any natural or artificial substance which are air borne as solid particles, liquid droplets and gases of combination of these forms There are hundreds of pollutants have been identified and fall into the following major categories : solids,sulphur compounds, volatile organic chemicals, nitrogen compounds,oxygen compounds, halogen compounds, radioactive compounds and odour.

Sources of Air Pollution : There are two major sources of the air pollution.
(a) Air pollutants from natural sources :  



1. From Volcanoes : Dust, ashes, smoke, carbon-dioxide and other gases.
2. From extra-terrestrial body ; Cosmic dust, dusts produced due to collision of asteroids, meteors, comets etc.
3. From green plants : Vapour through evapotranspiratlon,pollen of plant flowers, carbon-dioxide from bacteria.
4. From land sources : Salts-sprays from seas and oceans, dusts and soil particles from ground surface.
5.Forest fires : Releases pollutants like carbon-dioxide, sulphur-) dioxide etc

(b) Air pollutants from Anthropological or man-made sources : 

1. Automobile : Automobiles are major source of air pollution.The major emission after combustion of fuels are carbon-monoxlde (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (Noxsulphur- dioxide and other like formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein bezaldehyde Among these participates, lead is the mayor significant  toxic compound. Indian petrol contains a high percentage of lead,whose emission leads to lung diseases and cancer.

2. Thermal Power Plants : The coal is used for energy generation in Thermal power plants. The fly ash, soot and sulphur-dioxide are major pollutants from thermal power station. The sulphur content of Indian coal is less than one. per cent But this coal contains high i amount of ash, which is in the range of 25 - 40%. Fly ash from power station reduces visibility and contains trace amount of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and manganese.

3. Fertilizer Factories : Fertilizer plants produces large quantities of air pollutants. Some of these are fluorine, ammonia, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matters.

4. Textile Mills : The major air pollutants from textile milks are cotton dust, smoke and other combustion wastes, kerosene or naphtha vapours sulphuric acid nitrogen oxide, chlorine, formaldehyde etc. The surrounding of textile milks are generally dusty with deposits of cotton fluff. Continuous Inhalation of cotton fluff causes lung disorders.

5. Nuclear Reactions : During nuclear fission and fusion reactions radioactive substances like U-239 and n-231 are released zn environment. These substances are very long life in 

environment and are not destroyed easily. Generally air pollution results from a variety of causes,not all of which are within human control. Dust storm in desert areas and smoke 

from forest fires and grass fires contribute to chemical and particulate pollution of the air. THE sources of pollution may be in one country but the Impact of pollution may be felt 

elsewhere. The researcher discovers the contents of pesticides in Antartica where they are never been used, suggests the extent to which aerial  transportation can carry pollutants from one place to another.

Environmental impacts of nuclear accidents and holocausts

1. Most lethal hazard on plants and animals because radioactive materials radiation creates mutagenic effects.
2. Nuclear materials spread in atmosphere is deteriorate the composition of atmosphere
3. The atmospheric fallout nuclear materials pollute the water reservoirs. Prevention, Control and Mitigation of Nuclear Accident Disaster The nuclear accidents disaster happen due to technological problems The attending of such technological problems by research and extension works. After radiation some prevention, control and mitigation strategies minimizes radioactivity of nuclear materials.
1. Regular inspection of radioactive system, coolant circulation gives effective and safe condition for nuclear reaction.
2. The technically skilled and experienced human resource for nuclear centers. That's why safe working maintained.
3. Various chemicals used for decontamiate the radioactive waste spilled after accident. For e g EDIA thiourea etc.
4. Keep the nuclear reactors or station in dense area besides populated area.
Hazardous waste Explosion : Hazardous waste explosion is a disaster related with toxic waste disposal system. The toxic waste like heavy metal compounds, chemicals etc. are buried in ditches. The decomposition of tins burial hazardous waste causes explosion There are numbers of toxic chemical used In Industrial processes after while these spent toxic chemicals buried and cause release toxic gases creates disasters. The Love canal dump site occurs a hazardous waste explosion disaster In 1877. The ditches of Love canal near Niagara fall used to dump Industrial wastes. The process of dumping of Industrial wastes continued till 1952. The ground of this dumping site used for residential purposes. The toxic chemicals hidden in the dumped canal suddenly burst during the winter of 1976-77 due to heavy rainfall and snowfall which created severe health hazard of alarming proportion as the newly built suburb ( suffered from high rate of abortions (among the women), blood and liver abnormalities, birth defects and several kinds of physiological
disorders.

Environmental Impact of Avalanches

1. Large rock avalanches have dammed river and burled towns.
2 Dangers presented by avalanches to mountain climbers,skiers travelers, and residents of mountainous terrain.
3. Avalanches can carry a considerable amount of rock debris with the snow.
4. Avalanches rose a death tolls. March 7, 2003 In Kashmir,avalanche caused by heavy snow kill at least 17 peoples in the area of Indo-pakistan controlled portion Prevention, Control and Mitigation of Avalanches Quervian offered major contributions In the development of avalanche warning systems and methods of treating snow problem. Snow and Avalanche Research Institute, Switzerland built a protective devices against dangerous Impact of avalanches.

Prevention and Control and Mitigation of Tsunamis

Tsunamis are relates with earthquake but the prediction of this type of natural disaster is possible.
1. The prediction of Tsunami generated site gives early warning about this disaster. This minimizes the mortality of people. The pacific ocean countries have early warning system of Tsunamis
2. The mangroves forests arts as a tide absorber. Rich belts of mangroves forests prevent the coastal area from Tsunamis.
3. In the coastal areas communication network system develop This system gives early waning and nature of Tsunamis.
4. Planted the tress in coastal areas. The tress reduces frequencies of tides

5. In Tsunami prone area, disaster management training,programme useful for minimizing such types of disaster.
7. Avalanches : Large mass of rock debris or snow that moves rapidly down a mountain slope, sweeping and grinding everything in its path. An avalanche begins when a mass of material overcomes frictional resistance of a sloping surface, often after its foundation is loosened by spring rams or ls rapidly melted by a foehne (warm,dry wind).

Switzerland's experience for minimizing impact of avalanches

The Alpine mountains have about 10,'000 avalanches annually mer. than 8,000 of them in: February March and April-For centuries village communities relies on forests on the mountain slopes for protection from these slides, since 20-30 years old forest can inhibit or stop avalanches. In addition to that costly amoral structures such as metal barriers, earthen wales, concrete wedges protect the villages. highways and Alpine paths.

Why is Water Good for You and How Much Water Do We Need to Drink?

Why is Water Good for You: "How much water our body needs can be calculated by taking your body weight in pounds and dividing that number in half. will provide you with number of ounces of water you should drink everyday. Weigh 180 pounds, Daily need to drink minimum 90 ounces of water per day. need to exercise regularly, should increase the water intake by eight more glasses of water for every 20 minutes you are active. Approximately 20 to 30 percent of water comes from the food we eat and rest from the beverages we drink. In place of soda, herbal tea or sport drinks which contain added sugar, it is always better to drink simple and clean water or natural fruit juices which are rich in vitamins and nutrients.
Always carry a bottle of water while working, traveling, or exercising, to maintain enough water intake in the body. Sufficient intake of clean and fresh water not only improves your overall health but also prevents from several ailments and diseases"

Benefits of Alkaline Antioxidant Water

Acidosis is the process which takes place in our body and affects the health. Lack of exercise is one of the main reasons for body to suffer from acidosis. Benefits of Alkaline Antioxidant Water  body with high proportion of acids and less amount of bacteria, fungi and other harmful microbes in the body. Acid level of the body is therefore, one of major alkaline antioxidant water benefits.


"Proper pH balance is maintained in the body by intake of this water. Rise in the acid levels in our body responsible for problems like heartburn, etc. Alkaline water can therefore, prove to be useful to create pH balance.
critics of alkaline antioxidant water state that this kind of water, touted as cure for many health problems, is nothing but snake oil Alkaline Antioxidant Water critics,After  research pertaining to this kind of water has not been conducted in reputed according to him is just a marketing gimmick. Alkaline antioxidant water should therefore be of very low or no use."


Source : Alkaline Antioxidant Water

Simple steps for save water

 Simple steps for save water 2011 : 

1. Minimum time spent in the shower.
2. After use water turn off the faucet while shaving and brushing teeth.
3. Use washing machines that load from the front.
4. Include reduced-flow faucets or water saving faucet inserts of aerators in the house or office.
5. Ensure that leaking or dripping faucets and running toilets are repaired.
6. Replace old high-flow toilets with ones that save water.
7. Put up dams in toilet tanks or fill a plastic container or milk jug with rocks and then place it in the toilet tank.